Laptop is a small and compact device. The screen is an integrated part of the unit, as is its keyboard. The laptop uses a small, flat design in which all the components fit together snugly.

The laptop’s memory is able to make up the reduced performance of the slower processor. Laptops consist of cache memory which allows it to access data more quickly. Large busses allow the data to move between the processor motherboard and memory more quickly. Laptops often use smaller memory modules to save space which includes SODIMM, DDR SDRAM, SDRAM, and Proprietary Memory Modules.

The laptop also has internal hard disk drive to store the operating system, applications and data files. Laptop with small hard drive has less disk space than desktops. In desktop you can install additional drive whereas the laptop has much shortly supply space. The laptop uses a modular design to fit in the same bay variety of drives. This comes in three different designations such as hot swappable, warm swappable and cold swappable.

GPU is Graphic Processing Unit and is a microprocessor for handling the 3-D graphics rendering. The CPU and GPU produce a lot of heat. A graphics capability built in the motherboard of most laptops frequently share memory between the CPU and the GPU saving space and reducing power consumption. Though laptop has plenty of processing power for web surfing and productivity applications, it struggles with the latest 3-D games.

Laptop runs on electricity and small batteries to maintain the real-time clock and CMOS RAM. Nickel-Cadmium batteries were first used in laptop, which has a life of approximately two hours between charges. If the battery charges too long, it can burst out. Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries are the bridge between NiCad and Newer Lithium-Ion batteries. They last longer however it has a shorter total lifespan. Lithium-Ion batteries are current standard for laptop computers which has long life spans.

The laptop displays its graphics on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen which measures between 12 and 17 inches. The screen of the laptop may be black and white or colour. The laptop has sound cards on the motherboard as well as built-in speakers. Laptops with lithium-ion have a back up time of 5-hours.